ABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate effects of soles with different hardness on kinematic parameters of human lower extremity during walking by conducting kinematic analysis on subjects walking with soles of different hardness. Methods Subjects were required to wear 3 kinds of shoes with soles of different hardness and walk on the treadmill at the speed of 6 km/h. Vicon infrared camera system was used to capture the motions of subjects during walking, and kinematic parameters such as heel height, toe height, knee angle and ankle angle were collected for experimental analysis. Results Compared with the other shoes, the gait cycle was increased when subjects wearing soft-soled shoes, with the smallest angel of the forward pendulum of crus. The forward pendulum of thigh was the smallest and the back pendulum was the largest when subjects wearing medium-hardness shoes. The forward pendulum of thigh was the largest and the back pendulum was the smallest when subjects wearing hard-soled shoes. The time of swing phase was relatively stable. Conclusions Soft-soled shoes are more suitable for slow walking during a short period, while medium-hardness shoes have the smallest impact on lower extremity kinematics during walking for a long period, and hard-soled shoes are suitable for fast walking during a short period.
ABSTRACT
The study of signal pathway has become a hotspot and a key in life science. In recent years, it has been found that many signaling pathways are associated with the occurrence, development, prognosis and drug resistance of many malignancies, including non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Understanding the biological function of the signaling pathway and its relation with NHL, selectively controlling its biological activities may provide a new way for the treatment of NHL. In order to further investigate the function of signal pathways in pathogenesis, development and treatment of NHL, this review summarizes briefly the advances in the signal pathways related with the NHL including NF-κB, PI3K-AKT, Notch, Hh, MAPK, JAK-STAT, Wnt and cAMP.
Subject(s)
Humans , Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin , Metabolism , Signal TransductionABSTRACT
This study was aimed to investigate the expression and clinicopathologic significance of Gli1 and Gli2, 2 factors of Hedgehog(Hh) signaling pathway, in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Gli1 and Gli2 mRNA and protein in 18 cases of NHL and 10 cases of reactive lymphadenitis were amplified and identified by real-time PCR, and were assayed by immunohistochemical staining respectively. The results showed that (1) Gli1 and Gli2 mRNA in NHL group (RQ 2.05, 2.31) were expressed higher than that in reactive lymphadenitis group (RQ 0.82, 0.89). Gli1 mRNA activated level was positively related with Gli2 (r = 0.63, p < 0.01). In addition, Gli2 also positively correlated to clinical stages of NHL (p = 0.03), but the expressions of Gli1 and Gli2 mRNA had no significant correlation to B symptoms, blood β(2)-microglobulin, age and sex. (2) The positive expression rate of Gli1 and Gli2 protein in NHL group were 80% and 68% respectively, which were extremely higher than that in reactive lymphadenitis group. Gli1 protein level was positively related with Gli2 (r = 0.62, p < 0.05). Both Gli1 and Gli2 protein expression positively correlated to clinical staging of NHL (p = 0.05, p = 0.01). It is concluded that the Gli1 and Gli2 of Hh signaling pathway have been found to higher express in patients with NHL, and have significance for clinical staging and predicting prognosis of NHL. To further investigate the role of Hh signaling pathway in NHL will contribute to elucidate the occurrence and development of NHL, and provide a favorable method for therapy of NHL.
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Hedgehog Proteins , Metabolism , Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors , Metabolism , Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin , Metabolism , Pathology , Neoplasm Staging , Nuclear Proteins , Metabolism , Signal Transduction , Transcription Factors , Metabolism , Zinc Finger Protein GLI1 , Zinc Finger Protein Gli2ABSTRACT
Objective To determine the level of defensins(HNP_(1-3))and interleukin-8(IL-8)in colon tissue of patients with ulcerative colitis(UC)and to explore the relationship between HNP_(1-3)and IL-8 and the severity of disease.Methods The level of HNP_(1-3)and IL-8 in colon mucosa of UC patients was detected by immunohistochemistry method.Results The levels of HNP_(1-3)and IL-8 in colon mucosa of UC patients were much higher than that of normal controls.The expression of HNP_(1-3)and IL 8 of UC patients was higher in involved mueosa than in corresponding normal mucosa.The expression of HNP_(1-3) and IL-8 was related to the extent of lesion and the degree of disease.The expression of HNP_(1-3)was significantly correlated with that of IL-8(r_s＝0.957,P＜0.01).Conclusions The induction of HNP_(1-3) and IL-8 was involved in process of inflammation and development of UC.Regulating mechanisms of HNP_(1-3)expression might be related with the induction of IL-8.